原文地址 - BUG: Multiple SendKeys Statement Turns Off NumLock Key
症状
连续执行两个或以上 SendKeys
时会关闭 NumLock
,这个问题也会影响到 CapsLock
和 ScrollLock
。
起因
这个问题涉及到嵌套获取键盘状态。第一个 SendKeys
语句执行时,会获取键盘状态的快照并关闭所有的功能切换。第二个 SendKeys
语句执行前,第一个语句输出所有的按键并恢复键盘状态。这个时候,键盘状态被第二个 SendKeys
再次记录,这个时候所有的切换状态仍然是关闭的。最终,键盘会恢复到最后一次记录(切换关闭)的状态。
分析
要解决此问题,请执行下列操作之一:
- 在单个
SendKeys
语句中发送所有的字符。 - 在每个
SendKeys
语句间增加DoEvents
。然而,根据不同按键的复杂性,这个方法不能在所有情况下起作用。 - 判断使用
SendKeys
前NumLocks
的设置状态。然后,在使用SendKeys
前关闭NumLocks
。使用SendKeys
之后,恢复NumLocks
的设置状态。这个可以通过使用GetKeyboardState
keybd_event
还有SetKeyboardState
API 函数实现。请参阅下面的参考部分的详细信息 - 使用API函数代替的SendKeys。请参阅下面的参考部分的详细信息
现状
在本文开头 Microsoft 已经确认这是产品中的 BUG。我们正在研究这个 BUG,并将在 Microsoft 知识库中发布新信息使其变得可用。
更多信息
重现问题的步骤
- 在 Visual Basic 中创建一个新的 EXE 项目,Form1 是默认创建的。
- 为 Form1 添加一个按钮。
- 将下面代码复制到 Form1 的代码窗口。
Option Explicit
Private Sub Command1_Click()
SendKeys "a"
SendKeys "b"
End Sub
-
在运行菜单上单击开始,或按 F5 键启动该程序。如果 NumLock 灯亮是关闭状态,按下 NumLock 键打开 NumLock 灯。单击按钮并注意 NumLock 灯状态。
-
关闭 Visual Basic,并重复上述步骤。这次加入的 DoEvents ,如下:
Private Sub Command1_Click()
SendKeys "a"
DoEvents
SendKeys "b"
End Sub
注意:在尝试 DoEvents 方案前你需要重启 Visual Basic。否则键盘状态可能会被设置错误,妨碍了其他成功的解决方案尝试。
参考
“Visual Basic 5.0 Win32 API 程序员指南”,作者:Dan Appleman,第六章:硬件和系统函数
有关更多信息,请参阅 Microsoft 知识库中的以下文章: 177674 如何:切换NUM LOCK,CAPS LOCK和Scroll Lock键
Properties
Article ID: 179987 - Last Review: 06/22/2014 18:46:00 - Revision: 5.0
Applies to Microsoft Visual Basic 4.0 Standard Edition Microsoft Visual Basic 4.0 Professional Edition Microsoft Visual Basic 5.0 Learning Edition Microsoft Visual Basic 5.0 Professional Edition Microsoft Visual Basic 5.0 Enterprise Edition Keywords: kbbug kbpending kbprogramming KB179987
另一个解决方案
原贴 SendKeys turn off the NumLock, Capslock, & etc
OhYeahLach:
When using the following code, the NumLock, CapsLock, and Scroll gets Turn off. AppActivate IDIdentifier, False
'Send a Ctrl-A (Select All) and Ctrl-Ins (Copy)
SendKeys "^a"
SendKeys "^{INSERT}"
I would like to prevent this from happening. My alternate solution was to turn the keys on through the key_bd_event.
However it only worked in step mode. Any ideas?
Private Declare Function GetKeyboardState Lib "user32" (pbKeyState As Byte) As Long
Public Declare Sub keybd_event Lib "user32.dll" (ByVal bVk As Byte, ByVal bScan As Byte, ByVal dwFlags As Long, ByVal dwExtraInfo As Long)
Public Const VK_NUMLOCK = &H90
Public Const KEYEVENTF_KEYUP = &H2
Public Const VK_Capital = &H14
Dim AllKeys(255) As Byte
Dim NumLock As Byte
Dim retVal As Long
retVal = GetKeyboardState(AllKeys(0))
NumLock = AllKeys(VK_NUMLOCK)
'Set focus to ID ToolTip
AppActivate IDIdentifier, False
'Send a Ctrl-A (Select All) and Ctrl-Ins (Copy)
SendKeys "^a"
SendKeys "^{INSERT}"
DoEvents
If NumLock = 1 Then
keybd_event VK_NUMLOCK, 0, 0, 0
keybd_event VK_NUMLOCK, 0, KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0
MsgBox NumLock
End If
Frans C:
Instead of turning numlock back on, you could avoid using SendKeys at all. Turning numlock off is a known bug in SendKeys. You could use the key_bd_event to press the Ctrl-A and Ctrl-Ins.
eg Code:
Option Explicit
Private Const VK_CONTROL = &H11
Private Const VK_INSERT = &H2D
Private Const VK_NUMLOCK = &H90
Private Const KEYEVENTF_KEYUP = &H2
Private Declare Function VkKeyScan Lib "user32" Alias "VkKeyScanA" (ByVal cChar As Byte) As Integer
Private Declare Sub keybd_event Lib "user32.dll" (ByVal bVk As Byte, ByVal bScan As Byte, ByVal dwFlags As Long, ByVal dwExtraInfo As Long)
Private Sub Command1_Click()
Dim retVal As Long
Dim VK_A As Integer
AppActivate "Untitled - Notepad"
'DoEvents
' find the Virtual key code for char A
VK_A = VkKeyScan(Asc("a"))
' send CTRL-A
' press CTRL down
keybd_event VK_CONTROL, 0, 0, 0
' press A down
keybd_event VK_A, 0, 0, 0
' release the A key
keybd_event VK_A, 0, KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0
' release CTRL key
keybd_event VK_CONTROL, 0, KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0
' send CTRL-INS
' press CTRL down
keybd_event VK_CONTROL, 0, 0, 0
' press INS down
keybd_event VK_INSERT, 0, 0, 0
' release the INS key
keybd_event VK_INSERT, 0, KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0
' release CTRL key
keybd_event VK_CONTROL, 0, KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0
End Sub
参考资料 Virtual-Key Codes